Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited, relatively rare condition associated with an abnormality of cilia, which may affect the lungs, sinuses and ears. If left untreated can lead to a form of lung damage know as bronchiectasis. The mainstay of treatment is chest physiotherapy and targeted antibiotics which enables individuals to lead normal lives. Any problems resulting from PCD vary from person to person.
#Chronic sinopulmonary disease
*Chronic cough and sputum production
*Chronic wheeze and air trapping
*Obstructive lung disease on lung function tests
*Persistent colonization with pathogens commonly found in individuals with PCD
*Chest radiograph with chronic abnormalities
*Sinus radiograph with chronic abnormalities
*Chronic otitis media
*Neonatal respiratory distress
*Chronic nasal congestion dating from the newborn period
Expertise in evaluation of ciliary ultrastructure is needed to distinguish primary (genetic) defects from acquired defects that result from exposure to different environmental and infectious agents.
PCD is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The parents of an affected individual are obligate heterozygotes and therefore carry one mutant allele. Heterozygotes (carriers) are asymptomatic. At conception, each sib of an affected individual has a 25% chance of being affected, a 50% chance of being an asymptomatic carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected and not a carrier. Carrier testing for at-risk relatives and prenatal testing for pregnancies at increased risk are possible if the disease-causing mutations in the family are known.
http://www.lungusa.org/lung-disease/primary-ciliary-dyskinesia/understanding-primary-ciliary.htmlPCD is a genetically heterogeneous disorder affecting motile cilia[1] which are made up of approximately 250 proteins.[2] Around 90%[3] of individuals with PCD have ultrastructural defects affecting protein(s) in the outer and/or inner dynein arms which give cilia their motility, with roughly 38%[3] of these defects caused by mutations on two genes, DNAI1 and DNAH5, both of which code for proteins found in the ciliary outer dynein arm.
http://www.pcdfoundation.org/aboutpcd/whatispcd.htm